VERIFIED MEMBERS
Membership in the EFCSN signifies an organisation’s rigorous commitment to provide accurate information ethically and transparently, without bias or prejudice and focus on matters in the public interest as well as a proven track record of excellence, integrity and accountability as definied in the European Code of Standards for Independent Fact-Checking Organisations.
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VRT NWS
Date
10/05/2024
Please, answer the following questions:
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
The VRT NWS 'disinformation cell' was established in 2019 in an attempt to address the growing problem of disinformation in the Flemish public sphere (in Flemish online media). Since 2020, the VRT NWS website also includes a separate 'disinformation' page to highlight our fact checking efforts.
Henk van Ess (assessor)
Needs more info
Date: 14/12/2023
Under the European Code of Standards for Independent Fact-Checking Organisations, the primary focus of an organization seeking membership in the European Fact-Checking Standards Network (EFCSN) should be on fact-checking. According to Article 5.2 of the Code, the operation or organization must be set up primarily for the purpose of fact-checking, as defined in the Introduction. Additionally, the applicant’s articles or investigations must primarily focus on claims related to issues that concern the public interest.
While the Code does not explicitly prohibit a fact-checking organization from having a website that also features other types of news, the key requirement is that the fact-checking operation should be the primary focus. This means that the fact-checking content should not be obscured or hidden under other news. The organization should ensure that its fact-checking activities are prominent and easily accessible to the public. This is in line with the overall emphasis on transparency, public interest focus, and methodological rigor outlined in the Code.
The EFCSN values transparency and clear communication with the public, so having a website where fact-checks are overshadowed or hidden by other types of news content might not align well with these values. It's important for fact-checking organizations to present their work in a manner that is easily accessible and distinguishable from other content, ensuring that the public can readily find and understand their fact-checking reports. For now, we found the fact checks hidden under a subcategory https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/rubrieken/nws-check/ which is not a dedicated website, but a small segment of a big website with Uitgelicht Binnenland Buitenland Cultuur & Media Jouw leven nws check Ombudsman Milieu & Klimaat Technologie & Wetenschap Royalty Analyse Sport Religie & Levensbeschouwing Opinie. We notice that even on the https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/rubrieken/nws-check/ segment, the fact checks are mixed with all kind of other information like a podcast about chocolate inside or outside the fridge/ more cyberattacks ever etc. and many other productions not dedicated to fact checking but to informing the public about certain subjects. We are asking applicant why they applied for EFCSN because the fact-checking operation should be the primary focus, not a part of a broader mix.
Henk van Ess (assessor)
Needs more info
Date: 14/12/2023
We also noticed the more dedicated section https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/rubrieken/desinformatie/check/ is gone and redirects to https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/rubrieken/nws-check/
Applicant
Needs more info
Date: 19/02/2024
We do have a dedicated page on fact-checking and disinformation topics. But I think there may be some confusion because we applied in May, and we did get assessed in December. Therefore, please let me explain last year’s timeline and policy on fact-checking within VRT.
We try to offer fact-checks on as many platforms as possible: online, social media, radio, television. To create a uniform brand so as to increase recognition among the general public, we created a new label for this purpose in September: ‘nws check’. We can use that label on all platforms.
In December, our general news website was rebuilt in order to better delineate the main themes of VRT NWS. One of those main themes is now 'nws check'. For a fortnight, our page was indeed less visible, leaving only a selection of fact-checks visible combined with other investigative stories.
Then, at the end of December, there was our revamped 'nws check' page. There you will find fact-checks arranged by theme (health, the war in Israel, the climate, ...) There are also links to our vision, team, correction policy and other issues. The fact-checks are clearly visible by logo, and the word CHECK in the title. In addition to fact-checks, the NWS check page features more insightful stories regarding online scams and other dis- and misinformation topics.
https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/rubrieken/nws-check/
https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/rubrieken/nws-check/
The page ‘nws check’ is now one of the six main themes of VRT NWS alongside 'domestic, foreign, culture, your life, ...’ which you can see on this page: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/rubrieken/
In addition, to highlight the importance of fact-checks for VRT, there is also an overview of the 'latest fact-checks' on our general homepage: www.vrtnws.be.
Henk van Ess (assessor)
Needs more info
Date: 17/04/2024
You didn't address our remarks that dealt with the Code.
The fact check website is not a standalone product. It is not prominently linked on the homepage. It's hidden under the header Rubrieken - something you agree with in your comment.
Under the European Code of Standards for Independent Fact-Checking Organisations, the primary focus of an
organization seeking membership in the European Fact-Checking Standards Network (EFCSN) should be on fact-
checking. According to Article 5.2 of the Code, the operation or organization must be set up primarily for the
purpose of fact-checking, as defined in the Introduction. Additionally, the applicant's articles or investigations must
primarily focus on claims related to issues that concern the public interest.
While the Code does not explicitly prohibit a fact-checking organization from having a website that also features
other types of news, the key requirement is that the fact-checking operation should be the primary focus. This
means that the fact-checking content should not be obscured or hidden under other news. The organization should
ensure that its fact-checking activities are prominent and easily accessible to the public. This is in line with the
overall emphasis on transparency, public interest focus, and methodological rigor outlined in the Code.
The EFCSN values transparency and clear communication with the public, so having a website where fact-checks
are overshadowed or hidden by other types of news content might not align well with these values. It's important for
fact-checking organizations to present their work in a manner that is easily accessible and distinguishable from
other content, ensuring that the public can readily find and understand their fact-checking reports.
Please change the way you offer your information so it aligns with the Code.
The fact check website is not a standalone product. It is not prominently linked on the homepage. It's hidden under the header Rubrieken - something you agree with in your comment.
Under the European Code of Standards for Independent Fact-Checking Organisations, the primary focus of an
organization seeking membership in the European Fact-Checking Standards Network (EFCSN) should be on fact-
checking. According to Article 5.2 of the Code, the operation or organization must be set up primarily for the
purpose of fact-checking, as defined in the Introduction. Additionally, the applicant's articles or investigations must
primarily focus on claims related to issues that concern the public interest.
While the Code does not explicitly prohibit a fact-checking organization from having a website that also features
other types of news, the key requirement is that the fact-checking operation should be the primary focus. This
means that the fact-checking content should not be obscured or hidden under other news. The organization should
ensure that its fact-checking activities are prominent and easily accessible to the public. This is in line with the
overall emphasis on transparency, public interest focus, and methodological rigor outlined in the Code.
The EFCSN values transparency and clear communication with the public, so having a website where fact-checks
are overshadowed or hidden by other types of news content might not align well with these values. It's important for
fact-checking organizations to present their work in a manner that is easily accessible and distinguishable from
other content, ensuring that the public can readily find and understand their fact-checking reports.
Please change the way you offer your information so it aligns with the Code.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
Our fact checking team consists of 9 people.
Luc van Bakel - Coordinator/editor-in-chief
Jef Cauwenberghs – Fact-checker
Dorien Vanmeldert – Fact-checker
Rien Emmery - Freelance fact-checker
Amra Dorjbayar - Data/Osint journalist
Tom Buytaert - Freelance Data/Osint journalist
Tim Verheyden - Investigative journalist
Nele Baeyens - Freelance fact-checker
Ellen Debackere - Freelance fact-checker
VRT NWS has 200 journalists.
Henk van Ess (assessor)
Needs more info
Date: 14/12/2023
Where is this information listed in a dedicated section?
Applicant
Needs more info
Date: 19/02/2024
That information is mentioned in this article: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/vragen-of-opmerkingen-bij-factchecks/
This article is also fixed on the topic page 'nws check': Nieuws over nws check | VRT NWS: nieuws
In addition to our application in May, the list is also updated.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
VRT is ‘Vlaamse Radio en Televisie’ = the Flemish Public Broadcast Organization.
VRT has a broad brand portfolio for which it is autonomously responsible. Each brand addresses a specific target group or a specific domain. Information, culture and education are core tasks. More info: Aanbod | www.VRT.be
These brands broadcast on various platforms, including five radio stations, two television channels, online and on various social media platforms.
VRT NWS is the most important news source in Flanders (1st on tv, 1st on radio, 2nd player online) and the most trusted news brand of all (https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/digital-news-report/2022/belgium).
The fact check team is part of VRT NWS and works not only on fact checks but also on other content about disinformation, online safety and data journalism. And that for radio, television and online.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
We have ‘traditional’ fact-checks on our website (text). We want to translate the check formula to new formats, usable for video, social media such as TikTok & Instagram, YouTube and podcasting.
-We want to bring our checks to the places where disinformation on the topic is circulating, especially to online channels for young people.
-We want to develop new video (short form video), audio (podcast) and data formats.
- We want to combine our fact-checks with information on media literacy, so that our audiences are able to verify the information themselves. That is one of the recommendations from this scientific paper.
- We want to strengthen our cooperation with deCheckers. Founded in July 2021, deCheckers is a collaboration between journalists and fact-checkers from Knack, public broadcasting network VRT NWS, and Factcheck.Vlaanderen. DeCheckers bundles fact-checks in Dutch from different fact-checking outlets for broader visibility and dissemination (website www.decheckers.be)
- We are aiming for an average of 7 fact-checks per month.
- Expand cooperation with national & international partners. That both for editorial research and technological innovations.
- We hope to prepare a fact-check event in view of the regional, national and European elections in 2024.
Henk van Ess (assessor)
Needs more info
Date: 14/12/2023
Based on the information provided and the guidelines, the organization's approach to expanding their fact-checking formats and platforms, while innovative and adaptive, may not fully align with certain specific criteria set by the European Code of Standards for Independent Fact-Checking Organisations.
- Primary Focus on Fact-Checking: The organization's initiative to develop new formats for video, audio (podcasts), and data, and to integrate media literacy into their fact-checks, is commendable. However, the European Code of Standards emphasizes that the primary focus of an applying organization must be on fact-checking. While these initiatives support fact-checking, the organization must ensure that these activities do not overshadow or dilute their primary fact-checking operations.
- Consistency Across Platforms: The organization's intention to bring fact-checks to various online channels targeting young audiences aligns with reaching a broader demographic. However, they must demonstrate consistent application of fact-checking standards across all these platforms. This consistency is crucial for maintaining credibility and meeting the Code’s standards.
- Collaboration and Editorial Independence: Their collaboration with deCheckers and other partners is a positive step towards broader visibility and dissemination of fact-checks. However, the organization must ensure that these collaborations do not compromise their editorial independence. The European Code requires clear demonstration of editorial control and independence, especially when working with multiple partners.
In summary, while the organization's initiatives reflect a dynamic approach to fact-checking, aligning with the European Code of Standards requires a careful balance between innovation and adherence to the core principles of fact-checking, particularly in maintaining a primary focus on fact-checking. We invite applicant to comment on this.
Applicant
Needs more info
Date: 19/02/2024
An overview of our goals and decisions in 2023/2024
In September 2023, we designed a new label to make our fact-checks on all platforms more recognizable for the general public: ‘nws check’.
In October 2023 we started fact-checking on TikTok. Now we try to bring a fact-check on TikTok every week. The videos are also shared on Instagram Reels. For example:
These fact-checks on TikTok are mostly 'translations' of written factchecks, so we link on TikTok to the nws page of VRT NWS for further information. In 2024 we want to grow as a fact-checking organization on Instagram and TikTok.
We worked out a better arrangement of our fact-checks on our website. Unlike in 2022, you will now find our fact-checks ordered by theme: 'latest', 'climate', 'Israel-Gaza', 'foreign news', ...
You'll find this overview on our theme page: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/rubrieken/nws-check/
You'll find this overview on our theme page: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/rubrieken/nws-check/
During 2023 we reshaped our fact-checks a bit. We now added an ‘in short’ section in the beginning of the article for interested readers who do not want to read a whole fact-check. We did that according to a paper written by the University of Amsterdam in which the method was highlighted that a short summary in bullet points could help to make fact-checks easier to read for a bigger audience. (Read the paper here)
We indeed try to integrate media literacy, sometimes in our fact-checks, but also on our theme page. The reason we do that is based on a paper written by the University of Amsterdam. They collected different studies about ‘how to make fact-checks more effective’. One of the conclusions is as follows: “More specifically, to maximize the impact of fact-checks, their effects should spill-over into the verification of unrelated narratives by stimulating critical media literacy skills among readers. Therefore, we recommend fact-checkers to include specific recommendations on how news users themselves can verify information and discern misinformation from reliable information.” (You’ll find the paper and its sources here). Besides this, we think it's an important task of a public broadcast as well to focus on media literaray and fact checking tips as well.
For 2024:
In 2024 we are working on a big fact-check event around the European and Belgian elections. We are doing this in cooperation with other fact-checking media (KNACK, AD, KRO POINTER, Nieuwscheckers, Factcheck Vlaanderen). VRT is hosting this event and coördinating the Belgian part of it. We organize a three-week fact-checking marathon around the elections, in which we bring fact-checks online, on television, online and on radio.
We want to grow on TikTok and Instagram and improve our methods to do so. We are now cooperating with the University of Leuven on a study that compares the effectiveness of short form videos with written fact-checks and sliders.
Our collaboration with deCheckers or other partners in no way affects our editorial independence. We only have an agreement with deCheckers that they may publish our fact-checks on their website (subject to acknowledgement of source) and further distribute them on social media. There is neither an editorial nor a financial link between VRT and deCheckers. They sometimes give tips on claims that are circulating, but it is VRT that decides what to check or not. We do believe an organization such as deCheckers can help us to spread fact-checks more widely on the internet and social media.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
Through domestic and foreign news channels and on social media VRT NWS follows a large group of experts, interest groups, opinion makers, influencers, governments, politicians,... that make statements that have a social impact. Those statements or claims should circulate on television, radio, online or on social media. Images and memes (digital "cartoons") that go viral on social media can also be claims. (LINK on website: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/hoe-werkt-de-check-redactie-van-vrt-nws/).
Whether the claim is domestic or foreign, we always check how widespread it is and whether it also circulates in the Dutch-speaking areas. In its coverage VRT NWS offers a wider perspective on Belgium, Europe and the world.
Our website compiles fact-checks on foreign claims (in addition to interior matters, the climate and the war in Ukraine). There you will find fact-checks that deal with, among other things, European countries, Great Britain and the United States.
Here are some recent examples of ‘European’ fact-checks:
- https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/05/05/check-kroning-charles/
- https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/04/18/check-hakimi-scheiding-moeder/
In addition, much attention is paid to the war in Ukraine. These fact-checks are also bundled and offered on our theme page concerning disinformation.
For some fact-checks we offer an English translation:
And we are an active partner in:
-the European Edmo network: https://benedmo.eu/ and https://communicatie.vrt.be/nederland-en-vlaanderen-binden-met-edmo-project-de-strijd-aan-tegen-desinformatie
Henk van Ess (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 14/12/2023
From the list of fact-checks, it seems the organization is covering a variety of topics, some of which are directly related to specific countries within the Council of Europe and the additional regions specified.
Applicant
Date: 29/05/2023
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 13/11/2023
This criterium is amply met.
Henk van Ess (assessor)
Needs more info
Date: 14/12/2023
The applicant didn't show the full list of fact checks, which started earlier them 5-04-2022. There are gaps in fact checks between March 15, 2022 and March 24. We invite applicant to explain why earlier fact checks were not included.
We also noticed this:
We also noticed this:
- There is an 11-day gap between articles dated 27-04-22 and 08-05-22.
- There is a 13-day gap between articles dated 08-05-22 and 21-05-22.
- There is an 8-day gap between articles dated 26-07-22 and 03-08-22.
- There is a 9-day gap between articles dated 15-08-22 and 24-08-22.
- There is a 9-day gap between articles dated 27-09-22 and 06-10-22.
- There is a 10-day gap between articles dated 16-11-22 and 26-11-22.
The criterium of 4 fact checks is met anyway, because of extra fact checks in other months.
Is applicant sure it can deliver at least 4 fact checks per month in a more consistent way?
Applicant
Needs more info
Date: 19/02/2024
- In 2024 our goal is to write at least two fact-checks a week on multiple platforms. In January we published 9 fact-checks. We can send you and updated list of fact-checks. (I can't get it uploaded in this message)
- In 2023, we published between 4 and 12 fact-checks every month, as you can see in the attached list. Since we applied with EFCSN in May, we have averaged 7 fact-checks per month. Only in July did we have 5. So yes, we can provide at least 4 fact-checks per month on a consistent basis.
- In 2022, we had a policy of doing at least one fact-check a week. Most weeks we managed to do that. Sometimes there is indeed a gap, but if you publish the first week on a Monday and the second week on a Sunday, you get a gap of 12 days. Since 2022, the number of fact-checks written has been growing continuously.
Applicant
Needs more info
Date: 20/02/2024
Applicant
Needs more info
Date: 20/02/2024
The updated list of fact-checks: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/12O5yy49327CL2Z3_c-H4J6bclL8A5JsNAEDMHlJyH18/edit?usp=sharing.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
Integrate an overview of corrections within our fact-check guidelines. You can find it through this page:
https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/vragen-of-opmerkingen-bij-factchecks/
We already had a comprehensive correction policy, but now we also offer all corrections separately in an overview.
That already happened for the entire news service, but not separately for the fact-check team.
https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/vragen-of-opmerkingen-bij-factchecks/
We already had a comprehensive correction policy, but now we also offer all corrections separately in an overview.
That already happened for the entire news service, but not separately for the fact-check team.
Henk van Ess (assessor)
Needs more info
Date: 14/12/2023
On that page we read:
"We cannot systematically update all our (old) fact-checks with new developments. For that, we do not have the manpower."
"We cannot systematically update all our (old) fact-checks with new developments. For that, we do not have the manpower."
Based on the guidelines and principles outlined in the IFCN Code of Principles, there is an expectation of methodological rigor and consistency in the fact-checking process. While the IFCN encourages transparency and thoroughness, the guidelines do not explicitly require organizations to continuously update old fact-checks unless new, significant information emerges that would materially change the conclusion of a fact-check. The practicality of updating every fact-check in light of new developments is also recognized to be constrained by the resources available to the organization.
Therefore, the applicant's statement about not having the manpower to systematically update all old fact-checks is an acknowledgment of resource limitations, which seems to be understood within the principles, as there is no strict requirement to do so for every fact-check. Organizations are expected to strive for accuracy and provide updates when it's essential and feasible. We do invite applicant to explain what the workload is of the current fact checkers.
Applicant
Needs more info
Date: 20/02/2024
We changed the sentence on our page:
“Let wel, de factchecks worden geschreven met de informatie die bekend is op het moment van publicatie. Dat staat ook zo vermeld in de factcheck. Dat betekent dat we niet structureel al onze (oude) factchecks updaten bij nieuwe ontwikkelingen. We doen het wel wanneer blijkt dat het artikel nog gelezen wordt, zichtbaar is op onze themapagina en er een grote maatschappelijke relevantie bij komt kijken waardoor een ander licht wordt geworpen op een claim.”
Concerning the workload of our fact check team.
We work according to a roster in which our people are divided by function: Research, Monitoring, Actua, Data, Socials, .... We also have an internal service to check images or videos coming from social media for dates and geolocation. So that other newsroom services can be sure that the content is correct. This is widely used in the conflict between Israel and Hamas.
Article 2.2: Methodology
In order to be recognised as a verified member of the European Fact-Checking Standards Network (EFCSN), operations must:
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
These two articles
are always present on our "disinformation page" in a highlighted frame. Readers will get information on things as: What is factchecking? How do we select? How do we review? How do you contact us with complaints or questions? Who fact-checks? Who do we work with?
There is also a video that shows how fact-check editors work.
You’ll find these two articles standard on our disinformation page: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/rubrieken/desinformatie/
To avoid confusion with articles that aren’t fact-checks on our disinformation page, we also mention that fact-checks are always identified with a clear CHECK-label on the main image and the mention of CHECK in the title. This is also stated in the same way on the page where we explain the way we operate.
All our fact-checks are structured following the principle as explained in the articles mentioned.
On the page, our fact-checks are also arranged by 'latest', 'the war in Ukraine', 'environment and climate', 'domestic' and 'foreign'.
The other articles on our disinformation page follow the general journalistic style specific to VRT NWS and can be written by other people, not only our fact-checkers, although that happens very rarely. Fact-checks are always written by the fact-checkers mentioned on the website. Sometimes, as well as the factcheckers listed on the website, there are other names listed as authors on a classic fact-check.
These are VRT NWS employees who support our fact-checkers because of their content expertise or their knowledge about graphic design, video editing, data analysis or knowledge of OSINT techniques. They help the fact-checker develop the fact-check. This is also described as such on our website: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/vragen-of-opmerkingen-bij-factchecks/
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 13/11/2023
All main elements of a factcheck methodology can be found on the two pages linked here. It must be noted that the part on how staff conducts research to evaluate claims is rather short and not that clearly defined.
Henk van Ess (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 14/12/2023
This is documented in great detail by VRT. Among the criteria for checking out something and not checking it out are:
It must be based on verifiable information, be current, and reach a wide audience.
The allegation is controversial: some doubt its accuracy.
It is relevant. Whether or not it is true, it must make a (social) difference. Does it pose a health risk, for example? Is it discrediting individuals or groups?
Currently relevant and important. It is not relevant to watch trends or make predictions.
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 13/11/2023
This standard is clearly described on the page 'Hoe werkt de Check-redactie'. In the body of claims that I have read for this assessment I have found no clues that VRT does not adhere to this plicy. For example they factcheck claims that come from social media just as seriously as claims that come from politicians. Example:
Politician: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/09/05/check-neen-aantal-opvangplaatsen-is-niet-het-hoogst/
Social media: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/08/22/check-brand-maui-bomen-huizen/
Politician: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/09/05/check-neen-aantal-opvangplaatsen-is-niet-het-hoogst/
Social media: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/08/22/check-brand-maui-bomen-huizen/
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
Through domestic and foreign news channels and on social media the VRT NWS follows a large group of experts, interest groups, opinion makers, influencers, governments, politicians,... that make statements that have a social impact. Those statements or claims should circulate on television, radio, online or on social media. Images and memes (digital "cartoons") that go viral on social media can also be claims.
Such a claim can be verified if the claim:
- is based on verifiable information, is current and reaches a large audience due to its impact. This also means that we are more likely to look at claims that reach 100,000 people rather than "only" 5,000.
- is controversial: some doubt the truthfulness of the claim.
- is relevant. The fact that it is true or not must make a (social) difference. For example: Is there a health risk? Does it bring groups or individuals into discredit?
-is important in the here and now. It is not about "trend watching" or "predictions." Nor are we checking history stories.
We use the same method and procedure for every claim. It has to be free of ideology, independent and free from all relevant perspectives. That balance is regularly reviewed internally by the editors.
Factual claims are usually made in certain circumstances, in a certain context, which can influence the outcome of a fact check. Therefore, an assertion can also be partially false or partially true.
The VRT news service puts the public interest first, has a clear journalistic deontology and is editorially independent. Content considerations are paramount in the selection and presentation of news and other journalistic content. (You can read more about this: Onafhankelijk nieuws en informatie | VRT.be).
The text above is published on our website as well: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/hoe-werkt-de-check-redactie-van-vrt-nws/
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 13/11/2023
This standard is clearly described here and on the page linked. From the body of factchecks I read during this review it is clear that VRT adheres to this standard. Topics range from 'lighter' health related issues to statements made within a very polarized political climate.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
This article is published on our ‘disinformation’ page and explains how to contact us: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/vragen-of-opmerkingen-bij-factchecks/
This article, which is also published on our disinformation page, clarifies what readers can legitimately expect to be fact-checked and what isn’t fact-checkable: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/hoe-werkt-de-check-redactie-van-vrt-nws/
The following text appears in a box below each published fact-check:
“You can read more about VRT NWS's fact-checks in this article. https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/hoe-werkt-de-check-redactie-van-vrt-nws/
You can also find our fact-checks at deCheckers, along with reliable fact-checks from other Flemish newsrooms. https://decheckers.be/
Looking for more stories from VRT NWS on fact-checking disinformation or online deception? You'll find them here: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/rubrieken/desinformatie/
Want something checked? Then send us an email via [email protected] or enter your question on the deCheckers website.
VRT NWS is a recognized member of the International Fact-Checking Organization.”
You can also find our fact-checks at deCheckers, along with reliable fact-checks from other Flemish newsrooms. https://decheckers.be/
Looking for more stories from VRT NWS on fact-checking disinformation or online deception? You'll find them here: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/rubrieken/desinformatie/
Want something checked? Then send us an email via [email protected] or enter your question on the deCheckers website.
VRT NWS is a recognized member of the International Fact-Checking Organization.”
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 13/11/2023
VRT has an tip email address that can be found easily on the disinformation page and it is mentioned at the bottom of every factcheck. On the page 'Hoe werkt de Check-redactie' it is clearly described how VRT selects claims and therefore which claims a reader can expect to be factchecked. On the bottom of every factcheck there is a link to this page as well.
Henk van Ess (assessor)
Needs more info
Date: 14/12/2023
The link https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/rubrieken/desinformatie/ , which implies a dedicated fact checking page does not exist anymore. It redirects to the more generic https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/rubrieken/nws-check/ . Why are you still referring to it?
Applicant
Needs more info
Date: 20/02/2024
We do have a dedicated fact-checking page. We applied in May. Since September we have used the label ‘nws check’ instead of the more academic word ‘disinformation’ and in December our website was renewed.
We’ve recently updated the text we published underneath every fact-check. There was indeed a wrong link still integrated since the recent adaptation.
Now the text mentioned is as follows:
“Looking for more VRT NWS CHECK stories on fact-checking, disinformation or online deception? You can find those here.
Want to know how we go about fact-checking? You can read that in this article.
Do you have questions or comments or want to know who is on our team? You can read that in this article.
You will also find our fact-checks at deCheckers, together with reliable fact-checks from some other Flemish and Dutch editors.
Want something checked? Then send us an email at [email protected].
VRT NWS is a recognized member of the International Fact-Checking Network.”
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 13/11/2023
This practice is clearly outlined on the page 'Hoe werkt de Check-redactie'. In the body of factchecks I read I have found that VRT does indeed link, or uses screenshots to make available any source material used in the check. This can for example be seen in the blog-form checks on Palestine and Israel: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/11/03/check-pallywood-complottheorie/
Henk van Ess (assessor)
Needs more info
Date: 14/12/2023
We noticed that you don't link always to underlying sources outside your company. In the article https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/12/05/check-verloren-bagage-brussels-airport/ the only sources you are linking to, are https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/10/25/valse-lego-advertenties/ https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/10/25/valse-lego-advertenties/ https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/01/06/oplichting-mystery-boxes/ which are all your own stories. The guidelines clearly states that signatories must provide enough details of all sources used to enable users to replicate their work, except in cases where a source's personal security could be compromised. In such cases, signatories are expected to provide as much detail as possible.
Based on this principle, not linking to underlying sources outside of the organization's own stories may not be aligned with the standards and transparency of sources required. Signatories are expected to offer sufficient details for users to follow and validate the fact-checking process, which typically includes providing links to original sources of information. If an article only links to the organization's own previous stories, this could be seen as lacking transparency, unless all the necessary information to verify the claims is contained within those stories. We invite you to comment.
Applicant
Needs more info
Date: 20/02/2024
That's right. In 99 per cent of our fact-checks, we do link to external sources, either archived ones or direct ones. We often use printscreens as well to illustrate the claim and the investigation.
In Example 1, we had telephone contact with the Airport, there is also a recording of that. Their response on social media was also pictured. Many of the fake ads also disappeared quickly. We used screenshots, but indeed we should have archived and linked to the fake ads even better.
As you can see, we added extra links to it. https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/12/05/check-verloren-bagage-brussels-airport/
Example 2. In this we provide a lot of screenshots from the investigation, as well as Lego's response. It does contain links to an external Facebook page, and to a UK article that also reported on the issue. We should have linked the many screenshots better, though.
Example 3 is not a fact-check. There is also no logo on it and no mention of 'check' in the title.
Henk van Ess (assessor)
Needs more info
Date: 17/04/2024
We noticed an improvement in hyperlinking.
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 13/11/2023
In the body of factcheck I read I found that VRT adheres to this standard. For example, in this check on bed bugs in France they not only write that the mayor of France said something on tv, they link to the specific fragment as well: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/10/05/check-misleidende-beelden-bedwantsen/
Henk van Ess (assessor)
Needs more info
Date: 14/12/2023
See earlier question
Applicant
Needs more info
Date: 20/02/2024
We always try to link to primary sources. We often link to an archived claim rather than directly to the false claim. We link directly to relevant evidence that disproves or confirms a claim. We additionally use screenshots of an allegation. If we need extern experts, If we call on external experts, for example for health claims, we also always contact at least two sources, sometimes three.
- https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2024/01/31/check-_-ja-de-gemiddelde-vlaamse-boer-verdient-minder-dan-de-g/
- https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2024/01/10/bewering-roodharigen-hogere-pijngrens/
- https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2024/01/31/check-_-ja-de-gemiddelde-vlaamse-boer-verdient-minder-dan-de-g/
- https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2024/01/10/bewering-roodharigen-hogere-pijngrens/
We mention the following text on our website :
This article is published on our ‘nws check’ theme page.
"Our journalists try to use source research to verify whether a claim or adaptation, circulating in the public space, is factually correct. In doing so, we always try to indicate whether and to what extent a claim is accurate. We do this as transparently as possible by mentioning the main sources consulted (scientific studies, interviews, news reports...) and making them available to the reader.
To the extent possible, we also try to contact the sender of the claim or assertion to request information. And we use various OSINT (Open-Source Intelligence) techniques to check the authenticity of photos or videos.
VRT NWS works according to the Code of Principles drawn up by the International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN). You can read those here."
That means trying to find and state the claim of an assertion each time. As well as explanations to refute or validate a claim.
We work with screenshots that deliberately do not link through to the original source of disinformation. But we do store that source in web archives. In principle, that link is also added. We try to apply this as consistently as possible.
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 13/11/2023
This practice is not clearly outlined in one of the pages where the methodology of the factcheckers of VRT is described. Nevertheless from the body of factchecks I read I found that VRT does generally comply with this practice. Only in the blog form factchecks, as the one on Israel and Palestine mentioned before, the number of sources is limited an sometimes the reliance on other factheckers work is quite high. This is probably due to the format of a blog. However even in this blog form, supporting evidence is provided when possible. Therefore VRT does generally comply with this standard.
Henk van Ess (assessor)
Needs more info
Date: 14/12/2023
Although we did see enough articles with external sources, we did also see articles that didn't link to primary sources. What is your link policy?
Applicant
Needs more info
Date: 20/02/2024
We always try to link to primary sources. We often link to an archived claim rather than directly to the false claim. We link directly to relevant evidence that disproves or confirms a claim. We additionally use screenshots of an allegation. If we need external experts, If we call on external experts, for example for health claims, we also always contact at least two sources, sometimes three and ask for sources in the studies they mention.
- https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2024/01/31/check-_-ja-de-gemiddelde-vlaamse-boer-verdient-minder-dan-de-g/
- https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2024/01/10/bewering-roodharigen-hogere-pijngrens/
- https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2024/01/10/bewering-roodharigen-hogere-pijngrens/
We mention the following text on our website :
This article is published on our ‘nws check’ theme page.
"Our journalists try to use source research to verify whether a claim or adaptation, circulating in the public space, is factually correct. In doing so, we always try to indicate whether and to what extent a claim is accurate. We do this as transparently as possible by mentioning the main sources consulted (scientific studies, interviews, news reports...) and making them available to the reader.
To the extent possible, we also try to contact the sender of the claim or assertion to request information. And we use various OSINT (Open-Source Intelligence) techniques to check the authenticity of photos or videos.
VRT NWS works according to the Code of Principles drawn up by the International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN). You can read those here."
That means trying to find and state the claim of an assertion each time. As well as explanations to refute or validate a claim.
We work with screenshots that deliberately do not link through to the original source of disinformation. But we do store that source in web archives. In principle, that link is also added. We try to apply this as consistently as possible. You will also see this in our fact-checks, but indeed in some rare examples this could be better, as you mentioned.
Henk van Ess (assessor)
Needs more info
Date: 17/04/2024
We asked you for your link policy. The text you provided is about accuracy of claims, about research method and IFCN code. Why do you deliberately not link to the originals source? Why do you have no link at all sometimes, but a screenshot?
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 13/11/2023
This practice is not very explicitly mentioned by VRT, so there is room for improvement, but VRT does write on it's 'Hoe werkt de Check-redactie'-page that is strives to work as transparent as possible. This does show in the factchecks I read. I have found no instances of anonymous sources.
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 13/11/2023
I have found in the body of factchecks I read that experts are introduced with their area of expertise and the organisation they are affiliated with. For example in this article: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/11/02/elektrolyzer/
"We take the device to water scientist Marjolein Vanoppen (Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University) and do the test with her. We fill three glasses: with tap water, filtered water and bottled water respectively. "
"We take the device to water scientist Marjolein Vanoppen (Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University) and do the test with her. We fill three glasses: with tap water, filtered water and bottled water respectively. "
Henk van Ess (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 14/12/2023
On May 13, 2023, agricultural engineer Hannes Van Eynde pointed out an error in the quote from Professor Bart Muys regarding the diet of Belgian cows and imported soy. Professor Muys clarified his statement, now reading, "A large part of the proteins in the feed for the Belgian livestock comes from imported soy," confirming that livestock and dairy consumption significantly impact land use in countries like Brazil. Did the expert make this error? Or was he wrongly quoted?
Henk van Ess (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 14/12/2023
The message above is in the wrong section.. sorry
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Needs more info
Date: 13/11/2023
I have not been able to find this practice as a mandatory step outlined on one of the methodology pages of VRT.
Applicant
Needs more info
Date: 20/02/2024
We do have a clear and strict internal policy on that:
Each fact-check is first proofread by another member of the fact-check team. Then the final editor of the fact-check team proofreads it, whereafter any requested adjustments or readjustments are made. After the adjustments the text goes back to the final editor.
Consulted experts are also given the opportunity to double-check their contribution.
For very difficult or sensitive fact-checks, we sometimes provide a third round of checks by a chief editor.
Finally, an online editor goes through the text to review any language issues.
We will add this more clearly in this article: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/hoe-werkt-de-check-redactie-van-vrt-nws/
‘Every fact-check is always thoroughly proofread by at least one fellow fact-checker as well as a final editor. In some cases by several specialists. Only after that thorough check, with any necessary adjustments, it is published.’
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 22/03/2024
Thank you for the explanation!
Henk van Ess (assessor)
Needs more info
Date: 14/12/2023
On May 13, 2023, agricultural engineer Hannes Van Eynde pointed out an error in the quote from Professor Bart Muys regarding the diet of Belgian cows and imported soy. Professor Muys clarified his statement, now reading, "A large part of the proteins in the feed for the Belgian livestock comes from imported soy," confirming that livestock and dairy consumption significantly impact land use in countries like Brazil. Did the expert make this error? Or was he wrongly quoted?
Applicant
Needs more info
Date: 20/02/2024
The expert first listed cows and after the remark adjusted that to cattle feeders.
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 13/11/2023
The language of VRT is appropriate for a factcheck. It is factual and non-emotive. VRT does not shy away from a bit of humour and understatement in it's checks, but remains factual. An example of this can be found here: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/07/05/check-zuidpoolijs/
"According to some, the growing polar bear population is even doing well. A bit strange, because they normally live 20,000 kilometers further at the North Pole."
"According to some, the growing polar bear population is even doing well. A bit strange, because they normally live 20,000 kilometers further at the North Pole."
Applicant
Needs more info
Date: 20/02/2024
There isn't a precise question?
But in addition, it's maybe important to outline that we work with a claim review system.
By working with such a system, every assertion is carefully weighed in the balance. In this way, we avoid exaggerated conclusions and bring necessary nuance to a story. We also avoid suggestive language and approach each claim as factually as possible.
As a public broadcaster, we constantly monitor balances.
More about the claim review system: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/hoe-werkt-de-check-redactie-van-vrt-nws/
But in addition, it's maybe important to outline that we work with a claim review system.
By working with such a system, every assertion is carefully weighed in the balance. In this way, we avoid exaggerated conclusions and bring necessary nuance to a story. We also avoid suggestive language and approach each claim as factually as possible.
As a public broadcaster, we constantly monitor balances.
More about the claim review system: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/hoe-werkt-de-check-redactie-van-vrt-nws/
Best Practices:
In addition to the required standards listed above, the Code identifies the following as a best practice that is encouraged but not required to join the EFCSN.
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Non Compliant
Date: 13/11/2023
As I understand this practice, an organisation must try to evaluate the impact it's programs have. In the report attached there are several projects, but not a sort of evaluation of their impact.
Applicant
Non Compliant
Date: 20/02/2024
The Impact of our fact-checks by VRT NWS is being studied by a yearly survey of VRT’s study service (cfr slides of 2023 version) :
- The study is conducted with 2000 people and is representative of the population. This study gives us a clear view on how Flemish people think about fake news. Every year more Flemish people say that VRT NWS is doing enough to counter fake news (even if they still ask for more)
-It gives us an overview per age as well
- Fact-checking activities have a positive impact on the reliability of VRT NWS, which is growing again.
In addition, we can mention that our written fact-checks are read by between 10.000 to 140.000 people (depending on the topic) on the VRT NWS website and in the app.
Our podcast/radio show is listened to weekly by, on average, 150.000 people.
TikTok Checks, although still very new for us, have between 5.000 and 200.000 views.
Henk van Ess (assessor)
Needs more info
Date: 14/12/2023
In September 2022, you launched our own radio show on Radio 1 and created a podcast about disinformation that includes a fact-checking segment. It is titled 'The Hour of Truth'.
Henk van Ess (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 14/12/2023
For some reason, the message wasn't save completely . Here is the correct text.
We applaud some of the great initiatives, like how to debunk stories and educational efforts
The applicant's initiative of launching a radio show and podcast titled 'Het uur van de waarheid' ('The Hour of Truth') which includes a fact-checking segment but also covers different topics. Although we understand the formula (broad target audience, variation in topics), in it's core, it isn't a show about fact checking in itself, but also consumer questions, how stuff is done, how safe is stuff, etcetera.
You wrote
We applaud some of the great initiatives, like how to debunk stories and educational efforts
The applicant's initiative of launching a radio show and podcast titled 'Het uur van de waarheid' ('The Hour of Truth') which includes a fact-checking segment but also covers different topics. Although we understand the formula (broad target audience, variation in topics), in it's core, it isn't a show about fact checking in itself, but also consumer questions, how stuff is done, how safe is stuff, etcetera.
You wrote
We built a new subpage to combine investigative stories about disinformation and internet security, media literacy and fact-checking on one thematic page. https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/rubrieken/desinformatie/ but that link is now a redirect
Applicant
Compliant
Date: 20/02/2024
It is true that we combine a fact-check segment with other stories in the podcast. The core question of the program is ‘Have I been misled?” With this mixture we try to reach a broad audience that maybe otherwise doesn’t come in contact with fact-checking.
The fact-check segment, however, is a fixed part of the weekly show/podcast, always with the collaboration of scientists and fact-checkers and always refers to written fact-checks. The segment is called 'nws check' as well in addition to our fact-checking label.
In this segment we try – as a public broadcaster – to give attention to fellow fact-checkers of other media to enlarge their audiences as well.
Concerning the link. This indeed was written when we applied in the month of May. In the autumn we changed our name to ‘nws check’ to create a more visible label for fact-checking on all our platforms. The link now is: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/rubrieken/nws-check/. On this page you’ll find fact-checks and other stories on the disinformation topic. On this page you will find fact-checks arranged by theme: newest, health, climate, ... .
It also explains our fact-check and complaint policy.
It also explains our fact-check and complaint policy.
Applicant
Compliant
Date: 20/02/2024
Sorry, this was saved to quickly. I wanted to add this as well:
The ‘nws check’ theme is one of the six main topics on VRT NWS which can be seen on this page: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/rubrieken/.
Article 3.1: Non-Partisanship and Impartiality
In order to be recognised as a verified member of the European Fact-checking Standards Network (EFCSN), operations must:
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
The deontology of VRT NWS is based on accuracy, impartiality and good faith.
These values are elaborated in the code of ethics and the editorial manifesto that guarantee the independence of the news service.
More information: https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/beleid/beroepsethiek/deontologische-code-en-redactiestatuut/
The VRT NWS puts the public interest first, applies a clear journalistic deontology and is editorially independent. Content considerations are paramount in the selection and presentation of news items and other journalistic content.
More information: https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/opdracht/kernopdrachten/onafhankelijk-nieuws-en-informatie/
Internal rules require the editor-in-chief to be informed of any internal or external pressure. Journalists must inform the editor-in-chief immediately when under pressure. (Chapter III.A.8 in our code of ethics)
We use the same method and procedure for every claim. It has to be free of ideology, independent and free from all relevant perspectives. That balance is regularly reviewed internally by the editors.
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 13/11/2023
VRT has an elaborate policy on impartiality and ethics that does strive to guarantee the impartiality of al journalistic work produced. In the body of work I read I have seen proof of this impartiality. Although VRT is very extensive on this topic, there are a view specific issues that the fact-checking unit could clarify, especially the disclosure of conflicts of interest by experts (see 3.1.F).
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
The deontology of VRT NWS is based on values such as accuracy, impartiality and good faith. These values have been elaborated in the code of ethics and the editorial manifesto that guarantees the independence of the news service.
More information:
- The impartiality of the VRT must be safeguarded at all times. Its principles are contained in “10 Guidelines on Impartiality”.
More information: https://www.vrt.be/content/dam/vrtbe/over-de-vrt/beleid/beroepsethiek/documenten/Richtlijnen-voor-onpartijdigheid_1.pdf
The 10 guidelines on impartiality include:
Guard your editorial independence.
No one is impartial, not even you. Everyone looks at the world with their own eyes. Ask for a second opinion. Discuss your approach and approach colleagues or engage other expertise.
Vox-pops are not representative of the entire population. Seek different opinions and never present them as that opinion.
Do not always interview the same people. Let someone else speak, someone with a different outlook. Each time, add context and meaning.
Speakers, experts, analysts get a proper introduction in broadcasts and online. Indicate why you are speaking to this person and outline his or her background.
Each story has different sides. So let different people speak, especially on controversial topics. Give feedback when needed. If someone comes to tell you that the earth is round, you do not necessarily have to look for someone who believes in a flat earth.
- VRT NWS puts the public interest first, maintains a clear journalistic deontology and is editorially independent. Substantive considerations are paramount in the selection and presentation of news and other journalistic content.
More information: https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/opdracht/kernopdrachten/onafhankelijk-nieuws-en-informatie/
- Read more about an independent study by several universities concerning the impartiality of VRT NWS: https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/nieuws/2021/02/22/2e-onafhankelijk-onderzoek-naar-onpartijdigheid-toont-aan-de-vr/
Academic study on the impartiality of VRT: https://www.vrt.be/content/dam/vrtbe/over-de-vrt/prestaties/Onpartijdigheid%20rapport%202021_finaal.pdf
- The VRT customer service and the News Ombudsman report each year to the Flemish Ombudsman on their activities and the number of complaints received. That report goes to the Flemish Parliament.
More information:
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 13/11/2023
The commitment to non-partisanship of the whole of VRT is clearly described above. In the body of work I read I have found no evidence of partisanship by VRT.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
For the fact checking unit:
This is written and published on our fact-checking page: “The VRT news service puts the public interest first, applies a clear journalistic deontology and is editorially independent. Content considerations are paramount in the selection and presentation of news and other journalistic content.”
The code of ethics and the editorial manifesto which is linked in the article: https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/beleid/beroepsethiek/deontologische-code-en-redactiestatuut/
This also is mentioned on the fact-checking page: “The deontology of the news service is based on accuracy, impartiality and good faith. These values were elaborated in the deontological code and editorial statute that guarantees the independence of the news service. More on this, click here on the link to code of ethics of VRT NWS”
The two links above are permanently mentioned and highlighted on our 'disinformation' theme page.
In general for VRT as a public broadcasting network:
- The relations between the Flemish Government and the VRT are based on the Media decree and the Management contract:
- The fact-check team is a unit of the independent news department of VRT.
- This is the fact-check team and its editor-in-chief (see the article)
- VRT (public broadcasting company) derives its income from two sources: government funding and its own income.
(You are reading figures from 2021. Those are the most recent ones. The page on vrt.be will only be updated after we go to the parliament with the figures for 2022. That's standard procedure.)
-The VRT distinguishes eight financing pillars:
-Twelve members of the Board of Directors are appointed by the Flemish Government. In doing so, it takes into account the proportional representation of the political parties in the Flemish Parliament. Since 2014 the remuneration of the members of the board of directors has been published in the annual report of the VRT. https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/organisatie/raad-van-bestuur/bezoldiging-raad-van-bestuur/
-The managing director and the executive board are jointly responsible for the operational policy of the VRT. The public broadcasting company publishes the wages of its managing director and the total amount in wages of its board of directors.
The Flemish Media decree states that the newsroom of the national channel can work autonomously. This includes both a news content autonomy vis-à-vis the government AND autonomy in relation to the company’s management. The management and the board of directors have no impact on the journalistic decisions made in the newsroom. This autonomy has been officially confirmed in a newsroom manifesto. (Art 29 of the Flemish Media Decree.)
Art. 180§3 of the Flemish Media decree also stipulates that the broadcasting company can refuse any functional rules that would infringe upon its editorial autonomy.
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 13/11/2023
The journalistic independence of VRT News, and therefore of the factchecking department is clearly outlined at he documents provided above. I found no evidence of a violation of this standard.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
The following is listed on our "disinformation" page: “We use the same working method and procedure for every claim. It has to be, free of ideology, independent and from all relevant perspectives. That balance is regularly evaluated internally by the editors.”
Examples:
Political fact-checks (from radical right to radical left)
Radical right:
Radical left:
Nationalist party:
Liberal party:
Green party:
Climate check (from climate activists to climate skeptics)
War in Ukraine: Checks on both sides.
Fake story about Putin:
Check of a Ukrainian MP:
War crime or not?
Fake story spread by European newspaper:
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 13/11/2023
As mentioned above, this policy is clearly outlined on the 'Hoe werkt de Check-redactie'-page. Factchecks of VRT cover the whole political spectrum in Flanders. As shown by the examples above VRT has also factchecked claims from a diverse set of sources on the war in Ukraine.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
The deontology of VRT NWS is based on accuracy, impartiality and good faith.
- These values are elaborated in the code of ethics and the editorial manifesto that guarantee the independence of the news service.
More information: https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/beleid/beroepsethiek/deontologische-code-en-redactiestatuut/
- The fact-check team is a team within VRT NWS and must comply with the deontological code that applies to all journalists on the news service.
- In Chapter 6 of that code: 'DEONTOLOGY OF THE VRT-JOURNALIST OUTSIDE THE SERVICE' you can read about the requirements the journalist must meet in order to guarantee this impartiality, among other things.
- In chapter 6/110 you’ll read: “In reviewing cumulation applications as provided in art. 45, the Chief Executive Officer shall not authorize any activity that would jeopardize public confidence in the impartiality, accuracy and good faith of the VRT news service, and in the professionalism of its reporting. In particular, no permission will be given for participation in events with a controversial organizer, events where only one point of view would be covered or events where the journalist may give the impression that he or she is part of the "face" of, or has a special relationship with, a company or an organization.
Chapter 6/112. Any cooperation in any form on television and radio or through new media with programs and productions of philosophical, political or socio-economic associations shall be refused. The risk of confusion on the part of the public is, after all, very real.
- We mention this under the "who checks?" section as follows: ‘All journalists working for VRT NWS are bound by the deontological code and its editorial statute.’ https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/vrage-of-opmerkingen-bij-factchecks/. We also link to the code of ethics.
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 13/11/2023
The policy for the whole of VRT, and therefore the policy for the factcheckers, is clearly outlined above and is in compliance with this standard. I found no evidence that VRT does not adhere to it's own policy.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
We mention this as follows:
The VRT NWS puts the public interest first, applies a clear journalistic deontology and is editorially independent. Content considerations are paramount in the selection and presentation of news items and other journalistic content.
Link: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/hoe-werkt-de-check-redactie-van-vrt-nws/
More information: https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/opdracht/kernopdrachten/onafhankelijk-nieuws-en-informatie/
- In Chapter 6 of our code of ethics: 'DEONTOLOGY OF THE VRT JOURNALIST OUTSIDE THE SERVICE' you can read about the requirements the journalist must meet in order to guarantee this impartiality, among other things.
- In chapter 6/110 you’ll read: “In reviewing cumulation applications as provided in art. 45, the Chief Executive Officer shall not authorize any activity that would jeopardize public confidence in the impartiality, accuracy and good faith of the VRT news service, and in the professionalism of its reporting. In particular, no permission will be given for participation in events with a controversial organizer, events where only one point of view would be covered or events where the journalist may give the impression that he or she is part of the "face" of, or has a special relationship with, a company or an organization.
Examples:
This recent article was written by journalists from the disinformation/fact-checking unit. It is about political spending on social media. We clearly mention that one of the researchers has a history with the Green Party. https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/01/10/uitgavenmeta/
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 13/11/2023
The policy for staff is clearly outlined here, but I cannot find a policy that guarantees that when experts are quoted their conflict of interest is mentioned as well. The example provided is a good example of adherence to this practice, an I found no evidence that VRT does not adhere to this practice. VRT could improve by outlining this practice on it's methodology page as well.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
These values are elaborated in the code of ethics and the editorial manifesto that guarantee the independence of the news service.
More information: https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/beleid/beroepsethiek/deontologische-code-en-redactiestatuut/
For example chapter: “VI.B. Participation in Public Debate.
Among other things, it states this: ‘’Journalists are cautious in their public statements. They have, like every citizen, freedom of speech, but they will not allow their statements to undermine the public confidence in the impartiality, accuracy and good faith of the VRT news service, nor anything that the professionalism of reporting would disrupt. They also pay this particular attention when they make their statements on Internet forums or on social media.’
Among other things, it states this: ‘’Journalists are cautious in their public statements. They have, like every citizen, freedom of speech, but they will not allow their statements to undermine the public confidence in the impartiality, accuracy and good faith of the VRT news service, nor anything that the professionalism of reporting would disrupt. They also pay this particular attention when they make their statements on Internet forums or on social media.’
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 13/11/2023
The policy mentioned above is clear and I found no breaches of this policy.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
These values are elaborated in the code of ethics and the editorial manifesto that guarantee the independence of the news service.
More information: https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/beleid/beroepsethiek/deontologische-code-en-redactiestatuut/
In addition, VRT operates with a code of integrity.
That code tells you how staff should handle gifts and invitations. For journalists, the deontological code is added on to the fact that they have to ensure the impartiality of the house.
For example: 1.2 GIFTS AND INVITATIONS:
“Do not accept benefits or gifts unless it is a small symbolic attention such as a bottle of wine, a box of chocolates, a bouquet of flowers or documentation materials. Invitations to dinners, events and trips are also gifts and should be carefully considered before accepting them”
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 13/11/2023
The policy is clear on this point. It would be good if a procedure was added for the case that someone breaches these agreements.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
‘The VRT news service puts the public interest first, applies a clear journalistic deontology and is editorially independent. Content considerations are paramount in the selection and presentation of news and other journalistic content.’
This is mentioned on: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/hoe-werkt-de-check-redactie-van-vrt-nws/
‘All journalists working for VRT NWS are bound by the code of ethics and its editorial statute.’
This is mentioned on: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/vragen-of-opmerkingen-bij-factchecks/
In Chapter V.B.70 of our code of ethics is mentioned: “There must be room in programs or text pages of the news service for a critical journalistic analysis or evaluation. In doing so, controversial topics are not avoided. The journalistic contribution may not appear hostile, but has to be an alert, critical attitude. The intention is not to express one's own opinion but a reasoned and critical interpretation or comment on a topic that also comes up in ordinary reporting. The journalist avoids the impression that he or she would have a connection or a preference for a particular party, ideology, an interest, an interest group or an organization...”
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 13/11/2023
VRT as a well established news medium has a clear policy for journalistic impartiality. The links above describe this policy well.
Henk van Ess (assessor)
Needs more info
Date: 14/12/2023
The information is there, but as part of the whole VRT product. It's not prominently visible on the first page of https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/rubrieken/nws-check/ Why?
Applicant
Needs more info
Date: 20/02/2024
‘The VRT news service puts the public interest first, applies a clear journalistic deontology and is editorially independent. Content considerations are paramount in the selection and presentation of news and other journalistic content.’
This is mentioned on: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/hoe-werkt-de-check-redactie-van-vrt-nws/
The news service's deontology is based on values: accuracy, impartiality and good faith. These values were elaborated in the deontological code and the editorial statute, guaranteeing the news service's independence. For more, click here on the link to VRT NWS's deontological code’
This is mentioned on: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/vragen-of-opmerkingen-bij-factchecks/
The two articles above are published on our ‘nws check’-page in the segment: ‘how does the fact-check of VRT NWS works?’ https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/rubrieken/nws-check/.
In December our website was rebuilt and then indeed for a fortnight the page was not completely shown.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
VRT is a public broadcast company. The relations between the Flemish Government and the VRT are based on the Media decree and the Management contract:
- VRT (public broadcasting company) derives its income from two sources: government funding and its own income.
VRT is a public broadcasting network and provides added social value in supporting humanitarian themes. Here is our policy on the matter: https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/opdracht/publieke-meerwaarde/liefdadigheid/
VRT in this case makes it clear to the media user that this came about with the support of third party.
Under certain conditions, "Messages of public benefit" can also be distributed. You can read about this here: https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/organisatie/reclameregie/commerciele-communicatie/
Sponsorship and advertising are not allowed for VRT NWS programs online, on television or on radio. This rule also applies to the fact-check unit. This is mentioned in the code of ethics:
https://www.vrt.be/content/dam/vrtbe/over-de-vrt/beleid/beroepsethiek/documenten/redactiestatuut-deontologischecode01052012.pdf
https://www.vrt.be/content/dam/vrtbe/over-de-vrt/beleid/beroepsethiek/documenten/redactiestatuut-deontologischecode01052012.pdf
Article 3.2: Privacy and Safety
In order to be recognised as a verified member of the European Fact-Checking Standards Network (EFCSN), operations must:
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
The fact-check unit is governed by the VRT NWS code of ethics. It states the following:
‘53. If agreed upon, sources will be kept secret. In the event of a complaint
about the reliability of the source, the journalist nevertheless informs the general
Editor-in-Chief about the identity of the source. Taking into account
the editorial statute and in accordance with the law protecting journalistic
sources, the managing editor guarantees the confidentiality of the
identity. When dealing with a complaint about the reliability of the source
the general editor-in-chief will decide.
54. If the anonymity of witnesses (making voice or person unrecognizable)
is promised, it must be given.
LINKS:
These examples are written by the ‘disinformation unit’:
Blurred identities:
Fact-check with blurred passport numbers and names: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/01/17/livestream-vanuit-neergestort-nepalees-vliegtuig-was-echt/
Other examples at VRT NWS:
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 13/11/2023
VRT does obscure peoples identity when harm can be expected, but it's not clear entirely when this happens. No policy on this subject is described above. Are there general rules to when VRT obscures someone's identity?
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
Personal names on accounts cited are anonymized, unless they are public figures, people in political office or major disseminators of disinformation
Depending on the story, our fact-checks use screenshots of tweets or posts spreading disinformation on social media. The original ones are archived.
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 13/11/2023
As illustrated by the factchecks mentioned above VRT obscures the identity of regular social media users. I found no evidence that VRT does not comply with this standard.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
Examples of how we deal with anonymizing people in a sensitive position:
These examples are written by the ‘disinformation unit’:
Blurred identities or personal information:
Fact-check with blurred passport numbers and names: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/01/17/livestream-vanuit-neergestort-nepalees-vliegtuig-was-echt/
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 13/11/2023
I found no examples of information that could be used for doxing, such as email addresses.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
Examples of how we deal with anonymizing people in a sensitive position:
These examples are written by the ‘disinformation unit’:
Blurred identities or personal information:
Fact-check with blurred passport numbers and names: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/01/17/livestream-vanuit-neergestort-nepalees-vliegtuig-was-echt/
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 13/11/2023
I found no examples of information that could be used for doxing, such as email addresses.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
For VRT in general we have a complaint policy: https://www.vrt.be/nl/contact/klachtenbehandeling/
The news unit has a news-ombudsman who independently handles questions, comments and complaints from viewers about programs and platforms of VRT NWS. He weighs these against journalistic deontology. This includes, for example, impartial reporting. The news ombudsman of VRT NWS sits directly under the wings of the managing director of VRT, so he is not under the chief-editorship of the news service. He can and may therefore disagree with that chief-editorship.
VRT NWS has its own ethical code and editorial statute: https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/beleid/beroepsethiek/deontologische-code-en-redactiestatuut/ . Besides that there is also the Code of the Press Council. So this is not a VRT NWS specific Code, it also applies to other media. Here too, you make a complaint if you do not feel heard by the medium concerned. https://www.rvdj.be/pagina/hoe-een-klacht-indienen
The news ombudsman's page also refers to the Press Council.
The fact-check unit has an extra corrections policy: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/vragen-of-opmerkingen-bij-factchecks/
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Needs more info
Date: 13/11/2023
As I understand it, this standard is on right of reply (wederhoor) before publishing the factchecks. The policies described here are for complaints after publication. Please describe when you seek out a right-of-reply and when you do not. It's not obligatory to always offer the person spreading the claim a right-of-reply, but there should be a policy on this.
Applicant
Needs more info
Date: 20/02/2024
To the extent possible, we also try to contact the sender of the claim or allegation to request information. It is part of our standard procedure when we make a fact-check.
This sentence is mentioned in: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/hoe-werkt-de-check-redactie-van-vrt-nws/
This means that we try to contact a person about a claim to ask them for the source and give the person a reasonable time to react. The reactions are mentioned in our fact-checks. Some examples:
https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/08/24/check-chatgpt-verzint-bronnen-rond-corruptie-in-oekraine/ -> We tried but didn’t succeed, as mentioned.
This is more difficult for images or videos spread over the internet.
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 22/03/2024
Thank you for the explanation!
Best Practices
In addition to the required standards listed above, the Code identifies the following as a best practice that is encouraged but not required to join the EFCSN.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
We are at this moment elaborating a policy on online & real life harassment of VRT NWS journalists, as we have had some negative experiences in the past. We are working together with the VVJ (Vlaamse Vereniging van Journalisten) on this. The first step, which has already been taken, is a systematical registration of any incident with VRT NWS-journalists or crew. When a threat or harassment seems serious or potentially dangerous, we always file a complaint with the police. We organize trainings for journalists operating in conflict zones or dangerous situations (HEST training). Within our own company, we have a strict policy on harassment, and we work with independent confidential advisers.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Non Compliant
Date: 13/11/2023
Although the initiative described here is addressing the issue it's not yet a protocol to handle cases of harassment and psychological distress. Neither has there been a training on for example (online) harrasment or vicarious trauma from viewing graphic images for the factchecking staff as I understand it.
Applicant
Non Compliant
Date: 20/02/2024
VRT has undertaken action to limit online harassment and provide better support to employees in case of (online) harassment:
-Adjustment of the VRT guidelines for social media: what can you do if you are being attacked as a VRT employee? Advice on blocking/ignoring/internal & external reporting/…
-Handles for managers that are communicated to all staff members: what steps can you take if an employee becomes a victim of online harassment? Think about: mental coaching, internal/external communication, informal/formal reaction towards the harasser, advice on contacting VRT legal service, advice on contacting the police, …
-Organization of training/workshops for employees who are vulnerable to online harassment because of their position/role in the newsroom – this workshop will be offered to any VRT NWS journalist who thinks he/she could use it in 2024
In general, VRT has a welfare policy that provides several ways to coach and support employees who have suffered a possibly traumatic experience while working as a journalist or who are, because of their position/role in the newsroom, in a risk to suffer traumatic experiences.
Fact-checkers can also ask for the support of a welfare person after seeing traumatic footage to check.
Article 3.3: Honest corrections
In order to be recognised as a verified member of the European Fact-Checking Standards Network (EFCSN), operations must:
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
This text is published on our disinformation-page https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/vragen-of-opmerkingen-bij-factchecks/
“You can reach the VRT NWS Check crew at [email protected]. That mailbox is monitored by an editor during weekdays. We try to answer the sender as soon as possible. But due to the volume of mails, we cannot answer everyone immediately. We do not reply to abusive e-mails, personal attacks or e-mails with only an opinion (without sources).
Messages are always read and if necessary forwarded to the author and editor-in-chief of the fact-check. They review the arguments presented. When there is an error, an article is quickly and transparently updated.
Depending on the size of the error, a separate update is added at the bottom of the article so other readers will know what has been changed. In any case, the date and time of publication are shown plus the date and time when any changes were made or information was added.
Possible clerical errors are also updated, but because nothing has changed concerning the content, this update is not explicitly mentioned.
Please note that fact-checks are written based on the information known at the time of publication. This is also stated as such in the fact-check.
We cannot structurally update all our fact-checks with new developments. We do not have the manpower for that. In case of very important new facts that shed a completely different light on a claim, we do consider whether an addition or an extra article is necessary.”
- This page also contains a link to corrections and additions in fact-checks of VRT NWS: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/vragen-of-opmerkingen-bij-factchecks/
- Besides this specific fact-checking policy VRT NWS has a strict and transparent correction-policy:
Under any articles published by VRT NWS (also fact checks), you can find buttons to ask questions, to make news suggestions or to report an error: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/services/fout-opgemerkt/
Under every fact-check is mentioned:
-That we have our own mailbox for questions concerning fact-checks: [email protected], this address is mentioned in every check-article.
-We explain in every fact-check how users can contact the check-team: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/vragen-of-opmerkingen-bij-factchecks/
Our website has a link to the page of our news ombudsman: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/rubrieken/nieuwsombudsman
The ombudsman has an independent function and reviews questions and comments regarding the content and the journalistic process. Corrections are also compiled and published, f.e.: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/05/05/correcties-en-aanvullingen-mei/
There is also the Journalism Council. You’ll find the link on the Ombudsman's page and on our fact-check pages. There you can also put in any complaints if you don't feel heard by a news outlet. https://www.rvdj.be/pagina/hoe-een-klacht-indienen. The Press Council is an independent media self-regulating body.
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 15/11/2023
The corrections policy is clearly outlined here and complies with the standard.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
Corrections are made online. If there is an error in a fact-check that we mention on the radio or in a podcast, we will correct it in the first broadcast following the complaint. We (fortunately) have no examples of the latter yet. Our podcast started in September 2022.
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 15/11/2023
The policy described here is clear and complies with this standard.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
If a conclusion needs to be adjusted after an error, it is done after consultation with the editor-in-chief or the chief-editor.
The adjustment is added in a box at the bottom of the article, just above the conclusion of the fact-check.
In the explanation we mention the nature of the comment and the reason for adjusting the conclusion. We also include the date of adjustment.
We have no examples from the past 2 years. We do have one from 2021. Attached:
Addition in the conclusion (see bottom of article) after a well-substantiated and correct complaint was made and subsequently discussed internally by the editors. https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2021/12/22/er-zijn-wel-degelijk-studies/
The adjustment is added in a box at the bottom of the article, just above the conclusion of the fact-check.
In the explanation we mention the nature of the comment and the reason for adjusting the conclusion. We also include the date of adjustment.
We have no examples from the past 2 years. We do have one from 2021. Attached:
Addition in the conclusion (see bottom of article) after a well-substantiated and correct complaint was made and subsequently discussed internally by the editors. https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2021/12/22/er-zijn-wel-degelijk-studies/
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 15/11/2023
The example provided is a good example of adherence to this standard. Nevertheless there is room for improvement on this point, because it's not clear how these corrections are disseminated. Will the article, or an update note, be put on the front page again?
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
Update because conclusions were dated (mentioned in beginning of the article). In this particular case we added this update, because it was an important adjustment concerning the age at which children could be vaccinated. A reader pointed it out to us. The editors also immediately added the date of the amendment to the article to provide additional information.
https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2021/10/14/terugkerende-valse-of-misleidende-uitspraken-coronavirus-en-vacc/
https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2021/10/14/terugkerende-valse-of-misleidende-uitspraken-coronavirus-en-vacc/
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 15/11/2023
The example provided is a clear example of adherence to this standard.
Henk van Ess (assessor)
Needs more info
Date: 14/12/2023
By its own admission, applicant states not having the manpower to systematically update old fact-checks. What are the criteria for an update? When do you update and when not?
Applicant
Needs more info
Date: 20/02/2024
We changed the sentence on our page: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/vragen-of-opmerkingen-bij-factchecks/
"Please note that fact-checks are written based on the information known at the time of publication. This is also stated in the fact-check. This means that we do not structurally update all our (old) fact-checks with new developments. We do it when it turns out that the article is still being read, visible on our theme page, and there is a great social relevance involved that throws a different light on a claim."
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
The correction policy:
On this page you will also find a link to a record of the adjustments and corrections.
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 15/11/2023
VRT publishes a record of corrections in their factchecks on their website in compliance with this standard.
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 15/11/2023
The corrections policy can be easily found with a link on the desinformation page of VRT and is brief, but detailed enough for the common person to understand how requests for corrections are assessed.
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 15/11/2023
The email-address that VRT uses for this case can be easily found with a link on the bottom at each article to the page where the corrections policy can be found.
Best Practices:
In addition to the required standards listed above, the Code identifies the following as best practices that are encouraged but not required to join the EFCSN.
Applicant
Date: 29/05/2023
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Non Compliant
Date: 15/11/2023
This is a report of the questions and complaints that the 'ombudsman' of the VRT received. This is not a review of published corrections to determine whether methodological and procedural changes should be made.
Applicant
Non Compliant
Date: 20/02/2024
A summary of corrections and additions to fact-checks is published on our website: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/vragen-of-opmerkingen-bij-factchecks/
The list: correcties check 2024.pdf
Any error or ambiguity is discussed at an editorial board meeting. And improvements are sought immediately.
The fact-check team has a short daily meeting and one longer weekly meeting in which operation is discussed.
Every fact-checker gets at least one official performance review a year.
Biweekly, the operation is also evaluated in a meeting of the team leader with the chief editors.
In this way, operations are continuously monitored and adjusted where necessary.
We also have focus presentations in which our vision and goals are shared with the team. Attached you will find an examples of such a presentation. At such moments, the group discusses what could or should be improved. As you’ll read, we very much focus on ‘trust’, ‘impartiality’, ‘transparency’ and ‘reaching a big audience’.
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Non Compliant
Date: 22/03/2024
Although the initiatives described are very relevant, it does not meet the criteria to fulfill this best practice as I understand it, this is what is described in hte guide for assessors: "Applicants will have the option to submit a written summary with their application analysing the corrections made over the past year and any conclusions drawn about whether changes to their policies are needed to prevent similar errors in the future." I don't see a summary as such
Henk van Ess (assessor)
Needs more info
Date: 14/12/2023
This is a generic report and not fact checking specific. It also doesn't say that much about how to avoid mistakes in the future. We invite you to comment.
Applicant
Needs more info
Date: 20/02/2024
A summary of corrections and additions to fact-checks is published on our website: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/vragen-of-opmerkingen-bij-factchecks/
The list: correcties check 2024.pdf
Any error or ambiguity is discussed at an editorial board meeting. And improvements are sought immediately.
The fact-check team has a short daily meeting and one longer weekly meeting in which operation is discussed.
Every fact-checker gets at least one official performance review a year.
Biweekly, the operation is also evaluated in a meeting of the team leader with the chief editors.
In this way, operations are continuously monitored and adjusted where necessary.
We also have focus presentations in which our vision and goals are shared with the team. Attached you will find an examples of such a presentation. At such moments, the group discusses what could or should be improved. As you’ll read, we very much focus on ‘trust’, ‘impartiality’, ‘transparency’ and ‘reaching a big audience’.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
The news ombudsman of VRT independently handles questions, comments and complaints from viewers about programs and platforms of VRT NWS. He tests these against the journalistic deontology. This includes, for example, impartial reporting.
The news ombudsman of VRT NWS sits directly under the wings of the managing director of VRT, so he is not under the chief-editorship of the news service. He can and may therefore disagree with that chief-editorship.
The news ombudsman receives the confidence of the Deontological Advisory Board, but it can also withdraw that confidence.
There is also the Journalism Council. You’ll find the link on the Ombudsman's page and on our fact-check pages.
You can also go there with complaints. https://www.rvdj.be/pagina/hoe-een-klacht-indienen
The Press Council is an independent media self-regulating body.
-The VRT customer service and the News Ombudsman report each year to the Flemish Ombudsman on their activities and the number of complaints received. That report goes to the Flemish Parliament. https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/nieuws/2022/03/07/vrt-klantendienst-zag-aantal-contacten-in-2021-opnieuw-stijgen/
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Needs more info
Date: 15/11/2023
The policy described is largely compliant with this stand, but the possibility to send questions to the ombudsman should be explicitly mentioned in the corrections policy.
Applicant
Needs more info
Date: 20/02/2024
We have defined our policy on this more clearly on our website.
This article is also published on our ‘nws check’ page.
This is written:
An overview of corrections and additions to our fact-checks can be found here.
Do you disagree with a proposed adjustment to a fact-check or cannot find a compromise with the leading editor concerned? If so, you can also contact the VRT Ombudsman. The VRT news ombudsman independently handles questions, comments and complaints from viewers about VRT NWS programs and platforms. He tests these against journalistic deontology. This includes, for example, impartial reporting. The VRT Ombudsman can be contacted via [email protected].
If no comparison is found here either, you can also contact the Press Council. This is an independent journalistic self-regulating body that handles complaints about journalistic professional ethics.
Henk van Ess (assessor)
Needs more info
Date: 14/12/2023
What is the specific route for fact checking articles. What is his involvement?
Applicant
Needs more info
Date: 20/02/2024
We have defined our policy on this more clearly on our website.
This article is also published on our ‘nws check’ page.
This is written:
An overview of corrections and additions to our fact-checks can be found here.
Do you disagree with a proposed adjustment to a fact-check or cannot find a compromise with the leading editor concerned? If so, you can also contact the VRT Ombudsman. The VRT news ombudsman independently handles questions, comments and complaints from viewers about VRT NWS programs and platforms. He tests these against journalistic deontology. This includes, for example, impartial reporting. The VRT Ombudsman can be contacted via [email protected].
If no comparison is found here either, you can also contact the Press Council. This is an independent journalistic self-regulating body that handles complaints about journalistic professional ethics.
Article 4.1: Organisational transparency
In order to be recognised as a verified member of the European Fact-Checking Standards Network (EFCSN), operations must:
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
This link shows the organogram of VRT:https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/organisatie/organogram/
This link shows the editorial department that controls the news department including the fact-check team: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/services/hoofdredactie/
So the organogram for the fact-check team is this:
a) CEO: Frederik Delaplace (Public Broadcast,https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/organisatie/organogram/)
b) Director information: Liesbet Vrieleman (https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/services/hoofdredactie/)
c) Chief editor Griet De Craen
d) Coordinator/editor fact check Team: Luc van Bakel
e) Fact-check team
More info and a video on how the fact-check team works: :
Additional:
-The managing director and the executive board are jointly responsible for the operational policy of the VRT.
-Twelve members of the Board of Directors are appointed by the Flemish Government. In doing so, it takes into account the proportional representation of the political parties in the Flemish Parliament. The Board of Directors has the following powers:
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 15/11/2023
The links provided give a clear overview of the organisational structure of VRT in general and the factchecking department in particular.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
Whether the fact-checking operation is part of a larger organisation
The fact-check unit is part of VRT NWS, the news service of VRT.
VRT is the public broadcast of Flanders/Belgium.
The name and country under which the operation/organization is registered
VRT is the public broadcasting network in Flanders, Belgium. In exchange for financial resources from the Flemish government, VRT fulfills a defined mission.
https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/nieuws/2018/09/28/wat-betekent-de-vrt-is-een-openbare-omroep/
The legal status of the operation/organisation (e.g. non-profit, company, etc.)
https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/nieuws/2018/09/28/wat-betekent-de-vrt-is-een-openbare-omroep/
The legal status of the operation/organisation (e.g. non-profit, company, etc.)
VRT is the public broadcasting network in Flanders, Belgium:
-https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/nieuws/2018/09/28/wat-betekent-de-vrt-is-een-openbare-omroep/
-https://repertorium.vlaanderen.be/vlaamse-radio-en-televisieomroeporganisatie-nv-vrt/
-https://repertorium.vlaanderen.be/vlaamse-radio-en-televisieomroeporganisatie-nv-vrt/
Our statutes:
https://www.vrt.be/content/dam/vrtbe/documenten/STATUTEN%20geco%C3%B6rdineerde%20versie%2027%20maart%202023.pdf
The registration number of the organisation/company
The registration number of the organisation/company
Our company details:
The ownership of the operation/organisation, including the names of any people or companies who hold more than 5 percent of the organisation’s shares
VRT is the public broadcasting network in Flanders:
Our statutes:
Annual financial report:
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 15/11/2023
The information necessary to comply with this standard is available.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
Information about our public mission, funding, complaints policy and organizational chart can be found here: https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 15/11/2023
The information necessary to comply with this standard is given here and at the links provided at the previous answers on this topic.
Proof of registration/legal status:
Proof of ownership:
Proof of governance structure:
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 15/11/2023
The necessary information is available.
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 15/11/2023
The necessary information is available.
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 15/11/2023
The necessary information is available.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
For VRT NWS: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/services/hoofdredactie/
For the fact-check unit: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/vragen-of-opmerkingen-bij-factchecks/
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 15/11/2023
The information that is necessary to comply with this standard is at the links mentioned.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
This article features the members of the fact-check team. Please note that a fact-check sometimes, but definitely very rarely, has other names added but the ones mentioned. In that case, these are people who, because of a field expertise, knowledge of audiovisual design, or data or OSINT techniques, helped the fact-checker. This is also described as such in the article.
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 15/11/2023
The information that is necessary to comply with this standard is at the links above.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 15/11/2023
There is a brief mission statement, but there is room for improvement. It is not that clearly explained why the factchecking department exists.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
You can read all about our finances here:
https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/financien/
About VRT and the Flemish media decree: https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/nieuws/2018/09/28/wat-betekent-de-vrt-is-een-openbare-omroep/
Information about our public mission, funding, complaints policy and organizational chart can be found here: https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/
About VRT and the Flemish media decree: https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/nieuws/2018/09/28/wat-betekent-de-vrt-is-een-openbare-omroep/
Information about our public mission, funding, complaints policy and organizational chart can be found here: https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 15/11/2023
The information at the given links explain the bylaws clearly.
Article 4.2: Financial transparency and conflicts of interest
In order to be recognised as a verified member of the European Fact-Checking Standards Network (EFCSN), organisations or parent organisations must:
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Needs more info
Date: 15/11/2023
It might be hidden somewhere, but I cannot find the names of all income sources that contribute over 1% of the organisation’s total income, or over 5,000 euros. Please provide a list of these names.
Applicant
Needs more info
Date: 20/02/2024
The Fact-check team is part of VRT NWS.
The only extra sources we have are mentioned in the application. We do not have any other.
So normal funding is the same as VRT NWS.
VRT NWS is part of VRT. So, you can read more about the financial pillars and main sources of income here: Financieringspijlers | VRT.be
VRT NWS is part of VRT. So, you can read more about the financial pillars and main sources of income here: Financieringspijlers | VRT.be
With the exception that the ‘newsroom’ is not allowed to work with any advertisements whatsoever. You can read that here on our website: https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/organisatie/reclameregie/commerciele-communicatie/
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
- VRT (national channel) derives its income from two sources: government funding and its own income.
https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/financien/
- The VRT distinguishes eight financing pillars: https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/financien/financieringspijlers/
- Twelve members of the Board of Directors are appointed by the Flemish Government. In doing so, it takes into account the proportional representation of the political parties in the Flemish Parliament. The remuneration of the members of the board of directors has been published since 2014 in the annual report of the VRT. https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/organisatie/raad-van-bestuur/bezoldiging-raad-van-bestuur/
- The managing director and the executive board are jointly responsible for the operational policy of the VRT. The public broadcasting company publishes the wages of its managing director and the total amount in wages of its board of directors.
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Needs more info
Date: 15/11/2023
Again, it might be somewhere, but I can find the annual income of VRT, but I cannot find the names of all sources of income that contribute over 5%.
Applicant
Needs more info
Date: 20/02/2024
The Fact-check team is part of VRT NWS.
The only extra sources we have are mentioned in the application. We do not have any other. These extra sources are mentioned here:
https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/vragen-of-opmerkingen-bij-factchecks/
https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/vragen-of-opmerkingen-bij-factchecks/
So normal funding is the same as VRT NWS. The newsroom is part of VRT. So, you can read more about the financial pillars and main sources of income here: Financieringspijlers | VRT.be
With the exception that the ‘newsroom’ is not allowed to work with any advertisements whatsoever. You can read that here on our website: https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/organisatie/reclameregie/commerciele-communicatie/
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
The editorial organogram of VRT and the fact checking unit:
This link shows the editorial department that controls the news department including the fact-check team:
So the organogram for the fact-check team is this:
a) CEO: Frederik Delaplace (Public Broadcast,https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/organisatie/organogram/)
b) Director information: Liesbet Vrieleman (https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/services/hoofdredactie/)
c) Editor-in-chief Griet De Craen
d) Coordinator fact-check Team: Luc van Bakel
e) Fact-check team
More info and a video on how the fact-check team works: :
Additional:
-The managing director and the executive board are jointly responsible for the operational policy of the VRT.
-Twelve members of the Board of Directors are appointed by the Flemish Government. In doing so, it takes into account the proportional representation of the political parties in the Flemish Parliament. The Board of Directors has the following powers:
Mechanisms to ensure editorial independence
The Flemish Media decree states that the newsroom of the national channel can work autonomously. This includes both a news content autonomy vis-à-vis the government AND autonomy in relation to the company’s management. The management and the board of directors have no impact on the journalistic decisions made in the newsroom. This autonomy has been officially confirmed in a newsroom manifesto. (Art 29 of the Flemish Media Decree.)
Art. 180§3 of the Flemish Media decree also stipulates that the broadcasting company can refuse any functional rules that would infringe upon its editorial autonomy.
Deontological code of the news department: The deontology of the news service is based on value accuracy, impartiality and good faith. These values have been elaborated in the code of ethics and the editorial manifesto that guarantee the independence of the news service.
More info: https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/beleid/beroepsethiek/deontologische-code-en-redactiestatuut/
The editorial manifesto affirms that the chief-editor must defend the autonomy of the editorial board within the company and against any outside pressure. The chief-editor should be mandated by an editorial board, democratically elected among the members of the editorial board. This council also has the power to revoke the mandate of the chief-editor.
More info: https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/beleid/beroepsethiek/deontologische-code-en-redactiestatuut/
About the funding of VRT and VRT NWS:
The Flemish government grants VRT an annual financial envelope. This is laid down in a media decree.
More information:
Twelve members of the Board of Directors are appointed by the Flemish Government. In doing so, it takes into account the proportional representation of the political parties in the Flemish Parliament. The remuneration of the members of the board of directors has been published since 2014 in the annual report of the VRT.
The managing director and the executive board are jointly responsible for the operational policy of the VRT. The public broadcasting company publishes the wages of its managing director and the total amount in wages of its board of directors.
Extra information about fundings:
- We are partner in the BENEDMO-project, together with numerous Flemish and Dutch partners: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2021/07/02/edmo/.
This project is funded by the European Union: INEA/CEF/ICT/A2020/2381738. (https://benedmo.eu/over-het-project/). VRT will receive a total subsidy of 163.710 euros for this, spread over three years (until March 2024). That money will be divided roughly 50/50 between the VRT Innovation Department and the VRT NWS fact-check cell. Within the Benedmo project, VRT is responsible for "communication, training & outreach". This includes building the project's website and organizing a conference in September 2022. That task falls to VRT Innovation. In addition, we will make our fact checks available for newsletters and academic research within Benedmo, and we will set up some joint fact-check projects across national borders with editorial/journalistic Benedmo partners. That task falls to the fact-check cell of VRT NWS. In the framework of Benedmo, we are also working on setting up an international network (BE and NL) of fact-checkers, media-companies and academics, in order to exchange know-how about the fight against disinformation.
Benedmo is mentioned on https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/03/16/vragen-of-opmerkingen-bij-factchecks/
VRT NWS also receives support from the Flemish Government for participation in two large projects to tackle disinformation (331.579 euro, Oct 2022 – June 2024). A coalition of various universities (KUL, VUB and UA), journalists/fact-checkers from various editorial offices (Knack and VRT), technology player TextGain and the fact-checking platform deCheckers join forces in the project 'First Aid In Case of Doubt' ', which wants to make people digitally resilient to disinformation. 'First Aid in Case of Doubt' wants to proactively combat disinformation, so even before it is widely disseminated. The approach should work as a vaccine against false messages. The second project is Counterscam, in which we look at how online-influencers can contribute in a deontological way to combating disinformation among young people. (73.350 euro, Oct 2022 – June 2024)
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 15/11/2023
The mechanisms established to ensure editorial independence are clearly outlined here.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
As stated on our website: Vragen of opmerkingen bij factchecks? | VRT NWS: nieuws
Who do we work with?
VRT NWS is an approved member ("signatory") of IFCN since 2022. We therefore work according to the Code of Principles of the International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN). That international network of media specialized in fact-checking awards a seal of quality to fact-checkers who meet the international standards of the IFCN.
VRT NWS works together with deCheckers, a non-profit organization that aims to feed the public debate with facts and promote news literacy. DeCheckers combines the fact-checks of VRTNWS, Knack and Factcheck.Vlaanderen into one searchable database.
Link: https://decheckers.be/
VRT NWS is part of the BENEDMO project, a Flemish-Dutch cooperation against disinformation, for and by fact-checkers, media-companies, scientists and other experts. This project is funded by the European Union under agreement number: INEA/CEF/ICT/A2020/2381738. The VRT NWS will receive €163,710 in funding from the European Commission for this over a 3-year period. About half of that money will be invested in Innovation, and partly in the operation of the Check crew of the VRT NWS. (You can read more here).
The VRT NWS will also receive support from the Flemish government to participate in some major projects to tackle disinformation. A coalition of different universities (KUL, VUB and UA), journalists/fact-checkers from different editorial departments (Knack and VRT), technology player TextGain and the fact-checking platform deCheckers are joining forces in the project 'Eerste Hulp Bij Twijfel', which aims to make people digitally resilient against disinformation. ‘First Aid For Doubt' aims to combat disinformation proactively, even before it is widely disseminated. The approach must work as a vaccine against incorrect messages. 331.579 euro support for the period of Oct 2022 – June 2024.
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Compliant
Date: 15/11/2023
The information provided is in accordance with this standard.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
No, VRT can carry commercial messages on all its channels and stations. Excluded are, however, advertising messages on the television channels and commercial messages around the news and children's offer.
So on VRT NWS (news department) and therefore as well at the fact-check unit it is not allowed.
You can read that here on our website: https://www.vrt.be/nl/over-de-vrt/organisatie/reclameregie/commerciele-communicatie/
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
You’ll find this information on this page::
VRT NWS is part of the BENEDMO project, a Flemish-Dutch cooperation against disinformation, for and by fact-checkers, media-companies, scientists and other experts. This project is funded by the European Union under agreement number: INEA/CEF/ICT/A2020/2381738. The VRT NWS will receive €163,710 in funding from the European Commission for this over a 3-year period. About half of that money will be invested in Innovation, and partly in the operation of the Check-crew of the VRT NWS. (You can read more here).
VRT NWS also receives support from the Flemish Government for participation in two large projects to tackle disinformation (331.579 euro, Oct 2022 – June 2024). A coalition of various universities (KUL, VUB and UA), journalists/fact-checkers from various editorial offices (Knack and VRT), technology player TextGain and the fact-checking platform deCheckers join forces in the project 'First Aid In Case of Doubt' ', which wants to make people digitally resilient to disinformation. 'First Aid in Case of Doubt' wants to proactively combat disinformation, so even before it is widely disseminated. The approach should work as a vaccine against false messages. The second project is Counterscam, in which we look at how online-influencers can contribute in a deontological way to combating disinformation among young people. (73.350 euro, Oct 2022 – June 2024)
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Needs more info
Date: 15/11/2023
The information provided here is not on 'goods and services'.
Applicant
Needs more info
Date: 20/02/2024
We don't receive any goods and services from external services.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023
You’ll find this information on this page::
VRT NWS is part of the BENEDMO project, a Flemish-Dutch cooperation against disinformation, for and by fact-checkers, media-companies, scientists and other experts. This project is funded by the European Union under agreement number: INEA/CEF/ICT/A2020/2381738. The VRT NWS will receive €163,710 in funding from the European Commission for this over a 3-year period. About half of that money will be invested in Innovation, and partly in the operation of the Check-crew of the VRT NWS. (You can read more here).
VRT NWS also receives support from the Flemish Government for participation in two large projects to tackle disinformation (331.579 euro, Oct 2022 – June 2024). A coalition of various universities (KUL, VUB and UA), journalists/fact-checkers from various editorial offices (Knack and VRT), technology player TextGain and the fact-checking platform deCheckers join forces in the project 'First Aid In Case of Doubt' ', which wants to make people digitally resilient to disinformation. 'First Aid in Case of Doubt' wants to proactively combat disinformation, so even before it is widely disseminated. The approach should work as a vaccine against false messages. The second project is Counterscam, in which we look at how online-influencers can contribute in a deontological way to combating disinformation among young people. (73.350 euro, Oct 2022 – June 2024)
Shannon Bakker (assessor)
Needs more info
Date: 15/11/2023
The information provided here is not on 'goods and services'.
Applicant
Needs more info
Date: 20/02/2024
We don't receive any goods and services from external services.
Best Practices
In addition to the required standards listed above, the Code identifies the following as a best practice that is encouraged but not required to join the EFCSN.
Applicant
Date: 24/05/2023